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Magic tee
A magic tee (or magic T or hybrid tee) is a hybrid or 3 dB coupler used in microwave systems. It is an alternative to the rat-race coupler. In contrast to the rat-race, the three-dimensional structure of the magic tee makes it less readily constructed in planar technologies such as microstrip or stripline.
The magic tee was originally developed in World War II, and first published by W. A. Tyrell (of Bell Labs) in a 1947 IRE paper.〔"Hybrid circuits for microwaves", W. A. Tyrell, Proc. IRE, 35. 1947.〕 Robert L. Kyhl and Bob Dicke independently created magic tees around the same time.
==Structure==
The magic tee is a combination of E and H plane tees. Arm 3 forms an H-plane tee with arms 1 and 2. Arm 4 forms an E-plane tee with arms 1 and 2. Arms 1 and 2 are sometimes called the ''side'' or ''collinear'' arms. Port 3 is called the ''H-plane port'', and is also called the ''Σ port'', ''sum port'' or the ''P-port'' (for "parallel"). Port 4 is the ''E-plane port'', and is also called the ''Δ port'', ''difference port'', or ''S-port'' (for "series"). There is no one single established convention regarding the numbering of the ports.
To function correctly, the magic tee must incorporate an internal matching structure. This structure typically consists of a post inside the H-plane tee and an inductive iris inside the E-plane limb, though many alternative structures have been proposed. Dependence on the matching structure means that the magic tee will only work over a limited frequency band.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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